Natural History
of an Artist
Exploring the Territory
Field Work
Artists in
the Field
Exploring the
Territory
An Enclosure
Visual Findings
Water Logging


My floral bag.








































My pencil case.

I take in as much as I can until it's all swilling around like a huge soup. Then it has to be narrowed down.

Kate Mellor
C Feuilly & K Newton, Shifting Horizons, Iris Publications, 2000

In these notes, I have collected a range of writings to explore themes touched upon in my work; home, nature, femininity, narrative and game playing. First I begin looking at the very seeds of creativity; (my Field Work section deals largely with ideas around the practice) how do other creatives begin? How do I begin?

Contents
Home,houses and hovels
Timn
Aesthetics:What does it mean?
What is an Artist's Book?

A magpie approach is one that I adopt when starting on a new project. Gathering and carrying books, articles, newspapers, picking up leaflets, watching films; perusable material pertinent to the work and acting on intuition, (quite often whatever I am reading trickles into my practice, and sometimes I manage to carry all of the above in a small floral bag except the internet which I do use on occasion). Compositional sketches are used less and intuition more. Props, jottings, musings, creative writing, notes from reading, watching films, absorbing the day through my skin. Intuition is the flowerbed from which I grow.

To continue my foraging started in Field Work, I decided to turn over a few leaves and reveal parts of the tracks and trails left by fellow travellers; clues as to how they embarked on their creative quests, practices they employed. It was gratifying to discover the disparate nature of the creative process; method in madness to coin a phrase. Photographer Asa Andersson explained how she is driven by intuition, letting herself be drawn to objects/locations etc by an emotional response which she doesn't question at the time. She sees the camera as enabling her to frame miniature-worlds. Another photographer, Gina Glover, draws her inspiration from working on location, reading around her chosen subject area across the categories of literature, science, philosophy and personal reflection, alongside keeping a photographic sketchbook, painting with her camera.

How you picture yourself can influence the way you work. Sally Waterman thinks of herself as an image-maker rather than photographer. Narratives interest her; she produced work inspired by Virginia Woolf's experimental novel The Waves. The reading of the text and how we read photographs served as a point of exploration; how could she translate elements of the novel into an image? Working out pre-conceived images, she works from sketchbooks filled with quotes, cuttings and fictional/critical texts. The painter Keith Tyson on the other hand, has his own philosophy cocooning his artistic endeavours;

I'm the type of artist who would ideally like to take the whole world and reduce it down to a single little drop on the table. You have to find a way to navigate through all the stuff that comes at you.

John Walsh, Renaissance Man:Keith Tyson", The Independent Magazine, 11/02

Props can act as a starting point, suggesting narratives, lives of their own. Likewise, titling the work can either kick-start a project or hinder it if slavishly adhered to. One artist may use a title to help frame the work, another may let the work be suggestive whilst others let serendipity intervene.

Homes, houses and hovels

I came upon the entrance of a cave, with a dozen steam genies twisting out of it where hot sun played on its wet, peaty floor... then used the reflected sunshine in my watch, a tiny sun dancing about the walls, to see how far it stretched into the hill.

Roger Deakin,Waterlog, Chatto & Windus, 1999

As discussed in Field Notes, notions of home decorate my room of research, my books of scribblings and sketches. The quote above, presents a cave as a magical haven stumbled across, and in the spirit of the steam genies I will be twisting through my home using it as my cave, illuminating nooks and crannies with with my cameras and writings to see what materialises.

A speaker I came across shone light into the many corners of his talk. Philip Tabor sees distinctions between the home as a subjective construct and house as a metaphor for the meta-physical body. Buildings are referred to as bodies, which he dates back to the Roman period. He begins with Lacan's (Freud/post Freud?) mirror-stage experienced by young children to begin his exploration of house and home. Essentially this stage enables the child to distinguish the self as a primary concern and the world as the other; spatial awareness, an interior and an exterior. So we have a conceptual and physical boundary; the self and the body. We also have Tabor continues, skin which serves as an envelope or picture-frame to separate our interior (self) from the metaphorical interior; things, objects (clothing, possessions, nationality, dwellings) which we use as extensions to ourselves. An interesting analogy he uses to crystallise the enmeshing of the two is burglary. Burglary is an assault on the self, an invasion and penetration of the physical house and the metaphorical self in relation to the house and idea of home. My work in relation to some of these ideas is to invite a glimpse into a private world based around a home, inspire a sense of secrecy and discovery akin to finding an ivy-clad doorway perhaps slightly ajar; dual concealing and beckoning.

Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter of exquisite 16th century interiors, is drawn into Tabor's idea of the interior and its interiorness in both physical and metaphorical senses. His comparison of Vermeer's paintings with photography I found intriguing. In the past I have approached and treated photography as though each tiny negative was a still-life painting; sketching compositions and arranging the "painting" for the camera. With Vermeer we are lured into the intimacy, security and comfort of his centuries old world; alien yet familiar. We can't see the outside world, our eyes are the paintings within Vermeer's that look towards the external world. Unlike Vermeer's paintings, my work doesn't offer any peep-holes to the outside world, only telescopes on the interiors themselves. My telescopes allow the viewer to see objects in various scenarios, inviting symbolic or intuitive readings; images built up with layers.

Gothic cathedrals as information rich objects provided a point of interest and reference for the development of my ideas. The notion of the windows being a poor-man's bible; each stained glass panel depicting Christian cosmology for the non-reader; each panel built into the fabric of the cathedral creating a huge structure of symbolism, light and colour - a storybox for people to walk, sit and contemplate in. As Tabor continues in his lecture, Gothic cathedrals were explicitly designed with theology and philosophy in mind, particularly of the schools of St Aquinas and St Bonaventure. They believed light to be a substance; an embodied spirit. Light spreads divinity; light is in all of God's creations; light comes from

the humblest material: glass is made from sand and ashes, fire comes from coal, you rub a stone and it shines.

Tabor, Striking Home, Doors of Perception Conference 1994, Netherlands Design Institute and Mediamatic
- creating an ethereality from basic materials, objects. Interestingly the word ether comes from Greek aither which has its root in the word aitho meaning burn or shine. These fragile windows of coloured glass would letlight pour through and bathe everything in God's images, but light being the operative and the windows merely the carrier. The idea I took from Tabor's extrapolation on cathedral's is summed up as thus:
...when the monitor pours light over us like the pearly light of Vermeer's interiors or the jewelled radiance of the Gothic cathedrals, we are not just reading data: we are communing with what we see. ibid.
I want to communicate through images of abstract light, tone and shapes, not just purely through abstraction but focussing your gaze on glimpses of recognisable objects.

Bill Viola, revered US video artist, is someone I had only seen one piece of work by: The Messenger in Durham Cathedral. He had installed huge screens dotted around the insides of the building, a naked figure floating in water contaioned only by these screens - seemingly the only physical structure holding forth the water about to flood the place with less orthodox spirituality. Years later I was re-introduced to him, not his visual but written work. In his book, Reasons for Knocking at an Empty House: Writings 1973-94, in one chapter he talks about human sensory overload and how we desperately try to sift through the information we are bombarded with to make sense to ourselves and others. In an interesting expansion on the idea of human senses as limiters or sieves, he helpfully points out the difference between information and garbage: they are both man-made but information is something we want to keep as opposed to the garbage we want to discard, but concurrently both can be seen as troublesome. He goes on to illustrate by way of a Sufi analogy; a heavy load of pottery and a heavy load of books weighs the same for the donkey. Creating a mass of work first and then whittling it down to the core body seems to be a method for handling the sheer amount of information accumulated through this Masters course. A lot of information I have looked at has not made it into this learning journal, partly because some doesn't bear so much importance and also allows me to focus on the salient information which also preserves some clarity and navigation for the reader and myself. Viola outlines the problem video artists have in deciding what not to record and likens the whittling away process as being akin to cutting or carving until you're left with a specific thing.

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Timn

Timn is the Greek word for time, which means honour, esteem and dignity...As a point of investigation, I will use Jeremy Till's chapter on Thick Time from the book Intersections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories", Routledge, 2000.

The philosopher Kant says that time and space are conditions of our minds, not objects,(p293): it is a state ofa priori, where we base judgements on reason alone and not experience. Is time inherent in reality or an aspect of experience? And in what ways do we experience time?

We are biological clocks, we create psychological time and share physical time constructed through time-pieces. We exist within cyclical time, the seasons,day and night, the weather; we exist in linear time always moving forwards; we exist in psychological time, placing a conceptual distance between us/an idea/person/event.Architecture, Till argues,represents a pre-occupation we have with defying time and indeed it does in the conceptual stage, it captures the idealised moment of conception (p286).The blue print creates a history, a physical thing that shows architecture as an invincible construct pitted against time and inevitably winning through as a stable power.So armed with the blue print we can build with time defying materials.

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Aesthetics:What does it mean?

The art object provokes a feeling,as I wander the gallery space, the outside spaces; something catches my eye, a flash of colour, the gesture of a mark, the contours of stone, I experience something I can't quite verbalise but only feel in the heart of my body.I can describe what is in front of me and grapple with explaining how I feel. But more problematically why do I feel those feelings?

A Trio of Aesthetes
After reading both Clive Bell's 1914 essay The Aesthetic Hypothesis and Roger Fry's 1908 An Essay in Aesthetics, it was welcome relief to come across Jeanette Winterson's book of essays Art Objects and namely the book title's essay. She muses about the power of art to stop us in our slumbering tracks, an object that communicates, touches a deep unconscious "thing" inside our bodies. Winterson doesn't so much talk about the appearance of art like Bell and to a lesser extent Fry, but provides a glimmer as to what they do to her. So she seems a good introductory companion before looking at some ideas in the essays of Bell and Fry.

Winterson's Purchase
Flaneuring in Amsterdam, Winterson encounters a painting that enraptures her so much that she buys it: Ma io non voglio piegami a terra by Massimo Rao. She then sets about educating herself in art etiquette, arming herself with canonical writers: John Ruskin, Kenneth Clark, Vasari and William Morris to name but a few. She cites Roger Fry as her prime guide; no old hats on his or the Bloomsbury group's heads, she positively extols Fry as a life-affirming aesthete, who revelled in art and the delights it fills our eyes and hearts with.But it is canonisation that destroys art Winterson claims, and it is Fry's exuberant writing that seems to bring art to the present; the present that is present always whatever the date in history. We should approach art with a child's vision as Fry comments in his essay, they express with freedom and sincerity, drawing from their imaginative life, whilst perhaps we as Winterson suggests, rely on a "How to" approach laden with crusty pallettes, rolls of duck canvas and plenty of dust to toss around the gallery, obscuring our view of the work. We have to put effort into art, just as the artist has, just as they have parted with something, we also have to; a fair exchange in and of communication. The true artist seeks to create, keep open a channel between themselves and the viewer (fellow human), keep alive the connection where past and future are fused in the art object, its energy derived from the artistic process, the object becoming our touch-stone.
To make it new says Winterson, is the role of the artist, we should treat art as a living spirit she continues. Winterson echoes Fry's sentiment:

All painting is cave painting; painting on the low dark walls of you and me, intimations of grandeur...Naked I came into the world, but brush strokes cover me, language raises me, music rhythmns me.
Art has no place in our evolutionary existence, Fry points this out also, of course it isn't important to our survival; time taken by art is time taken from being a hunter gatherer..so why has it evolved? It is important for our spiritual well-being as Fry expands in his essay further on in this section. I will return to Winterson's essays later(in a different section) where she talks about her life as a writer.

Bell's Clique
Winterson's is a very personal response to art whereas Bell's is quite prescriptive. Only a select few possess the ability to appreciate the aesthetics of art, thus he places art in the realm of the elite. Significant form is the key to appreciating art, especially found in primitive art.It is an aesthetic emotion which we emote only in response to art objects that sets them apart from other objects.Primitive art contains only significant form ie. no representaion, no technical swagger and only emphasis on the forms used, the significant forms. Significant form says Bell is the way the artist combines colour, line, shape, the forms that create the artwork. For Bell representation is irrelevant. It is purely the forms that stir our aesthetic emotions, if we attend to the representaion then our aesthetic appreciation is sullied with inferior emotions eg. anger, passion, nostalgia. These emotions are merely crutches through which we "think" we appreciate art. Bell delivers a guide essentially on how to appreciate art but it's only of use to those in possesession of aesthetic emotion rarer even than appreciating music he claims.So we need a sense of space, colour, form and line to aesthetically feel a work of art. He appeals to our sense of individuality, a pre-requisite in order to view art, we have to start with a system of aesthetics; subjectivity, very much distinct from our other emotions. Bell's essay revolves around the idea that all works of art share one quality; significant form, albeit people who have aesthetic emotion may not agree on the same works of art, they can agree to differ and appreciate the differences. People who don't have this particular emotion from art, merely think they do by relating to art through more base feelings, using art as a way to relate to life. Bell presents a narrow view of art, reserving the aesthetic emotion for a few of whom he is one, reducing art down to its pure forms and dismissing the human element it seems. It is only the emotion and the object we are concerned with, not the artist. The artist's role is to "move" us purely through significant form; this seems to discard the relationship or "connection" we may have between ourselves and the artist through the artwork, part of being "moved" is because we are relating to another being. Bloomsbury Rooms by Christopher Reed, suggests that Bell's essay is locating abstract art within the conventional artworld,rooting the aesthetic experience within the individual and not the artistic canon.

The Spirit of Fry
I found Roger Fry sitting on a fence, with Winterson in a wide open field on one side and Bell in a small sheep pen on the other side. With Fry like Winterson we get more of him, he is real, shares his enthusiasm for art with us. In poet Edith Sitwell's 1966 autobiography Taken Care Of, she affectionately recalls Fry's appearance delighting the local children; grey bushy hair escaping from beneath his large black sombrero. Angelica Bell, daughter of artists Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant in her 1976 autobiography Deceived with Kindness, captures a particular memory. Bell and a childhood friend went to tea at the invitation of Fry and his wife. To their chagrin, they were presented with a plate bearing a withered "baked potato".Once cut into,they spilled forth hundreds of tiny kaleidoscopic sweets, organic treasure chests fashioned from cardboard by the mischievious Fry.
A good indication of Fry's aesthetic sensibilities is summed up in his preface to the second Post-Impressionist exhibition of 1918 held in London, cited in Sitwell's book: the artists
do not seek to imitate life, but to find an equivalent for life.... Fry's approach to aesthetic's like Winterson's is trully personal and heart-felt, an integration with life. Fry sees artists as mutual spiritual revelators; they reveal ourselves and themselves via the art object; point of connection and wakener of latent emotions.Like Bell, he believed in a smililar idea of significant form: emotional elements of design. They comprised of:
1.Rhythmn of line
2.Mass
3.Space
4.Light and shade
5.Colour
So like Bell he gives us a structure through which to appreciate art, but is more accomodating as to how we enjoy and experience it. Colour,Fry thought, was less important, as he felt it not so critical the importance of life. Here I disagree; creatures (such as our selves also), have learned to identify through colour which things in nature to avoid,
which berries are poisonous?... flowers have the most nectar?...caterpillars are sickly?...green or brown nuts give jippy stomachs? etc.The importance to life ties in with Fry's idea of an actual life and an imaginary life. Imagine two lines of existence within each of us, running parallel; actual and imaginative. We live both of these according to Fry. Our actual life is the day to day, attended by our natural reflex actions that we may have little control over eg fight or flight, instincts call them what you will. Fry uses an example to illustrate our emotion of fear.You are standing in a feild with a wild bull. Fear is aroused and a whole process of bodily chemistry is put into play, you feel danger (other than overriding this instinct) you have little choice as to your actions; you are at the mercy of this emotion for better or worse.This experience can be re-lived through our imaginative life. Within this line of existence we can remember the field and the bull and the fear, but we can explore this emotion more because we know we are not in danger, however this emotion of course has been weakened, we won't have the reflex action whilst leisurely thinking about it.It is through the imaginative life that the artist reaches us and expresses themselves, art for Fry is the expression of this life. The intensity we lose in re-capturing the emotion of fear through our imaginative life, we gain in experiencing freer emotions unbound by our involuntary reactions. Art is thechief organ of the imaginative life, it is distinct from the actual life because we experience
...greater clearness of its perception, and the greater purity and freedom of its emotion.
We can enjoy and experience art for itself, art appreciates emotion in and for itself. said Fry, we derive pleasure through art and enrich our imaginative lives using art as the tool, art could be said to represent the imaginative life which in turn echoes the actual life. So we get a circular process, art is the tool we use to experience or express our ideals (depending on artist/viewer status respectively), which then can be used in our actual lives; we can try and achieve our emotional ideals in the actual.Our aspirations and dreams come from the imaginative but we also have to stoke it up. Aesthetics for Fry seems to be an emotion that we can ALL feel, art is to be enjoyed for itself and to nourish our inner beings.With art we have a consciousness of purpose, we engage with art that draws us in, we can let the colours of a painting wash over us, become part of the picture, feel rounded emotions as an object; slowly we can run our fingers over each one and feel the fullness of them -
...objects created to arouse the aesthetic feeling we have added a consciousness of purpose on the part of the creator, that he made it on purpose not to be used but to be regarded and enjoyed; and that this feeling is characteristic of the aestheic judgement proper.
Fry is the welcoming pair of slippers after the restrictions of Bell's leather brogues, it's interesting to note Fry's modern approach to art pre-dates Bell's elitist view by six years.

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What is an Artist's Book?

A character in E.M Forster's Howards End (1910), is described as collecting "new ideas as a squirrel collects nuts, and was especially attracted by those that are portable." This seems an appealing attitude to have and one that I have planted into my idea for two books to create.

My interlude which takes in the field of artists' books, includes various writings I came across and duly recorded, if not to aid my own slightly failing memory but to also explore what an artist's book is.

The Apostrophe and What an Artist's Book possibly is...

Artist's Book
This could be a book belonging to a person who happens to be an artist or perhaps a book created by an artist; it conjures up images of sketchbooks and coffee-table art monographs but doesn't reveal what an artist's book is, despite knowing what an artist is or what we think a book is. Somehow the two words abracadabra'd, magic-up an ambiguity that leaves us grasping for the stardust falling from the wand in the hope that it may illuminate our understanding.

Artists' Books
To me this suggests not books about artists, but books by artists and it's the word by that invites me to explore the how, why and whatness of the book created by each artist; how if at all does the book change because it is made by an artist. Does the term artists' books change or attach a different meaning to "book"?

Artists' books are not...

Livre d'artiste - these are deluxe limited edition books, granted usually by artists but established artists.
Art books - artists'monographs, technical/factual instruction manuals.

Artists' Books are...

Books, booklets, bookworks or bookart authored by an artist...so because an artist has made a book about quantum physics or written a Mills & Boon, does this mean it becomes an artist's book? No, as I have discovered through my findings. If that was the case then it would turn the whole field of artists' books into a fallow one.

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